Dette er fremgangsmåden for udskrift fra finansprogrammet Navigator til laserprinter Brother HL-4050CDN, der understøtter netværk, farveprint og emulering (emulation) af HP LaserJet.

Tidligere modeller fra Brother har understøttet emulering af IBM Proprinter XL 24. Det er desværre slut med HL-4050CDN.

Det forudsættes, at laserprinteren er konfigureret på netværket, installeret i operativsystemet og lytter på LTP1.

Åbn en browser og åbn hjemmesiden for laserprinteren. Vælg Printer Settings. Vælg Print Menu. Sæt Emulation til HP LaserJet. Vælg Submit. Vælg HP LaserJet. Sæt Lines/Page til 100. Vælg Submit. Vælg Font Setup. Sæt Font Name til LETTERGO Reg. Sæt Pitch til 16 cpi. Sæt Symbol Set  til PC-865. Det er kombinationen af Font Name og Symbol Set, der giver danske specialtegn. Det er Pitch, der giver tykkere skrift. Vælg Submit.

Åbn Navigator. Nu vises startmenuen. Åbn regnskabet. Nu vises regnskabsmenuen. Vælg Pr.valg. Vælg HP LaserJet serie II. Gå til regnskabsmenuen. Vælg Rapporter. Vælg rapporten Finans Balance. Vælg “Skrifttyper”. På listen skal der kun stå “Komprimeret” og “Fed skrift”. Der må ikke stå andre på listen. Sæt Sidehøjde til 99. Gentag dette for rapporterne Finans Kassekladde, Finans Kontokort, Finans Monsangivelse og Finans Regnskab. Gå til startmenuen. Lav en sikkerhedskopi af rapporter og printere. Denne sikkerhedskopi kan nu genindlæses i øvrige databaser ved, at slette de relevante rapporter inden genindlæsning.

There are many reasons why call centers, front office desks and private persons want to record their incoming and outgoing telephone calls, such as improving their customer service, documenting incoming change requests, documenting arrangements, conducting interviews or collecting proof.

Popular methods of telephone call recording are induction coil microphone recording and in-line recording. An induction coil microphone is portable and can quickly be attached to the back of almost any telephone handset. An in-line recording device plugs into any telephone jack or split any telephone wire. In-line recording produces the best audio quality.

As an example, an office front desk telephone service could install an in-line recording device, that split the telephone wire. The output from the in-line recording device could then be connected to the analogue microphone input jack of the office desk computer, that could record telephone calls using recording software. In order to obtain a clear recording without electrical noise, make sure, that the electrical power supply to the computer is grounded.

There exist a lot of recording software, spanning from commercial automatic telephone system recording software to default operating system recording software.

The open source operating system Ubuntu provides the Sound Recorder, that makes fine manual recording software. Make sure, that it is configured to use the correct device for sound input, that the sound input is amplified, that the sound input is the analog line in, and, that it uses an open standard file format, such as the Ogg format, which is CD quality.

Recording devices can be obtained from electronic stores, such as Würtz. Note, that Würtz recommends, that recording is not done with a computer due to noise issues. This is not correct. We tested this and found, that computer recording was perfect sound quality. We also tested analogue recording and found, that the sound quality was not acceptable.

Listen to our test recording of a phone call to the automatic phone answering machine at Lortehosting.

Read more about telephone recording at phonelosers.org.

The WHOIS protocol and the WHOIS servers are used to store and retrieve information about registrants and assignees of internet ressources, such as domains and addresses.

There are a number of different WHOIS servers. Five WHOIS servers covers regional areas of the world. Other cover specific interests. Well known WHOIS servers are some of the following.

• The American Registry of Internet Numbers (ARIN), that covers United States of America (USA).
• The Asia/Pacific Network Information Center (APNIC), that covers East Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific islands.
• The Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC), that covers Europe.
• The Network Abuse Clearing House, that covers contacts for network abuse.
• The Network Solutions Registry for Internet Numbers, that covers.com, .net, .org and more.

WHOIS client software, such as open source command line utilities, can use a subdomain system to construct the name of a WHOIS server to use from the top level domain (TLD) of the supplied argument. As an example of this, the built in command line utility of the FreeBSD operating system would give the same result with the following arguments.

whois opentech.dk
whois -h dk.whois-servers.net opentech.dk


Such lookup is also referred to as a WHOIS query.

The information in WHOIS servers is maintained by regional internet registries (RIRs), such as DK Hostmaster and Network Solutions.

Presenting structural information as graphics can be a tidious task for human, but, a perfect job for a computer.

In this example, we will install Graphviz on the Ubuntu operating system, which is an open source utility, that can read structural information from text format in the standard dot language and present it in graphics, such as a flowchart, proces or network diagram. It can read from the command line or from a script. It can write to a graphics format, such as PNG, JPG or PDF.

Graphviz is bundled with a number of filters, that draws the structural information in different ways.

• dot is a filter for drawing directed graphs.
• neato is a filter for drawing undirected graphs.
• twopi is a filter for drawing radial layouts of graphs.
• circo is a filter for drawing circular layout of graphs.
• fdp is a filter for drawing undirected graphs.

Graphviz is available in the package system of Ubuntu.

sudo apt-get install graphviz

That’s it! We can now draw directly from the command line or in a text file.

echo "digraph G {A->B->C;A->D->E}" | dot -Tpng > abcde.png

nano -w abcde.dot

digraph G
{
A->B->C
A->D->E
}

dot -Tpng -o abcde.png abcde.dot

Ikke alle udviklere af hjemmesider er endnu så langt fremme, at de kan udvikle en hjemmeside, der overholder standarderne, så den kan afvikles i en vilkårlig browser på et vilkårligt operativsystem.

Argumentet fra sådanne udviklere er, at deres produkt er optimeret til Windows. Der er dog ikke tale om nogen optimering. Der er tale om, at de ikke forstår, hvordan de skal udvikle et produkt til internet.

Det er et problem, der er særligt udbredt hos danske banker, netbanker og betalingstjenester, hvorfor virksomheder i Danmark desværre føler sig nødsaget til, at anskaffe sig en særskilt computer med Windows operativsystemet på til deres bankforretninger. Af samme grund er denne artikel kun på dansk.

På trods af det, så er det alligevel muligt, at benytte netbank på Mac, Linux og Unix operativsystemet. En udmærket og enkel løsning i dette tilfælde er nemlig, at benytte en emulator.

I dette eksempel vil vi logge på Danske Netbank fra Danske Bank på et Ubuntu 9.10 operativsystem.

Der er på forhånd udlæst en ulåst sikkerhedskopi af bruger-ID fra Internet Explorer på et Windows operativsystem. Hvis du har en ny og ubrugt aftale med Danske Bank, så er dette ikke nødvendigt.

Hvis vi ikke allerede har gjort det, så installerer vi Wine, der er et populært stykke open source software, der kan afvikle software, der ellers kun ville kunne afvikles på Windows operativsystemet.

Vi installerer derpå IEs4Linux, der er en open source udgave af Internet Explorer, der er forenklet, hvad angår installation.

ftp http://www.tatanka.com.br/ies4linux/downloads/ies4linux-latest.tar.gz
tar xvf ies4linux-latest.tar.gz
cd ies4linux*
./ies4linux

Vi føjer IEs4Linux til menuen via System > Preferences > Main Menu > Internet > New Item.

/home/opentech/bin/ie6

Vi starter IEs4Linux fra Applications > Internet. IEs4Linux viser nu Internet Explorer.

Vi deaktiverer Funktioner > Internetindstillinger > Avanceret > Søg automatisk efter opdateringer til Internet Explorer.

Vi åbner hjemmesiden for Danske Netbank, accepterer installationen af Adobe Flash og e-Safekey, indlæser vores sikkerhedskopi af vort bruger-ID og logger på. Vi udskriver til printer. Vi laver et bogmærke og lukker Internet Explorer via Filer > Luk.

Vi kontrollerer, at Wine er stoppet.

ps aux | grep wine | grep -v grep

Navigating the internet, such as visiting a website or downloading software, requires one or more domain names to be resolved.

These domain names are resolved by domain name service (DNS) servers – and most likely the DNS servers, offered by the internet service provider (ISP).

Unfortunately, DNS servers at the ISP might support other hidden features as well, such as logging, analyzing, filtering, blocking, redirecting, advertising and government internet censorship.

The solution is to use alternative open and uncensored DNS servers, where open means, that queries from any source is accepted.

We recommend using censurfridns.dk. Other alternatives are Google Public DNS and OpenDNS.

ns1.censurfridns.dk / 89.233.43.71 / 2002:59e9:2b42:1:75::71
ns2.censurfridns.dk / 89.104.194.142 / 2002:5968:c28e::53

If your network gets its DNS servers via DHCP, then changing DNS servers can be done by prepending open and uncensored DNS servers to the DHCP client configuration.

If your network has its own local DNS servers, which forwards its external queries to DNS servers at the ISP, then changing DNS servers can be done by prepending open and uncensored DNS servers to the configuration of the local DNS servers.

Netbooks, also known as mini notebooks, are a rapidly evolving category of small, light and inexpensive laptop computers, that are perfect for general computing and web based applications on the go. Popular examples of netboks are the Asus Eee and the Asus Aspire One. The operating system on a netbook should support encrypted files and folders as netbooks are subject to theft and loss.

The Ubuntu Netbook Remix (UNR) operating system from Ubuntu makes a perfect choice for netbooks. UNR supports encrypted files and folders by the use of eCryptfs, which is a cryptographic file system for Linux, derived from Cryptfs, with advanced key management and policy features. eCryptfs can be thinked of as a sort of file encryption, based on The GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG, GPG).

UNR requires, that the netbook is based on the Intel Atom processor, has 512 MB RAM or more and a solid state disk (SSD), also referred to as a flash disk, or a harddisk with 4 GB storage or more.

In this example, we will install UNR on a Asus Eee netbook.

If we have not already done so, we  create an USB startup disk, that we can install UNR from. We boot up an Ubuntu desktop computer, visit the homepage of Ubuntu, meet the requirements and download UNR from a local mirror. We launch System > Administration > USB Startup Disk Creator, attach a USB stick to the computer, select and format the sdb1 device, on which the USB stick has been recognized, select and transfer the downloaded ISO image to the USB stick. The USB Startup Disk Creator confirms, that the USB stick is ready to install Ubuntu on other computers. We unmount the USB stick and detach it from the computer.

We insert the USB stick in the netbook, connect the netbook to a network cable with internet access and power the netbook on. We ensure, that the boot device will be the USB stick. On the Acer Eee, this is done by pressing F2 shortly after power on to enter BIOS and then configuring the boot media priority to disk and then configuring the boot priority to the USB disk. The netbook now boots up from the USB disk.

We select installation of UNR. We erase and use the entire disk. When asked, who we are, we add a system administrator user, which is different from the daily user. The reason for this is, that we want to be able to control the user ID and group ID for the daily user in order to make the IDs compatible with a network file system. We require the password to log in and to decrypt the home folder. This will install the encryption software, that will be needed, when adding the daily user. The installation is confirmed, the netbook is rebooted and the USB disk is detached during the reboot.

When UNR boots up, it presents the neat login screen. We log in as the system administrator and listen to the classic Ubuntu log in theme sound. We configure the group, that daily user will be a member of. This group should have the same ID as the ID on the network file system. Accessories > Terminal. We change the color scheme to green on black and enable transperancy. The change will not affect the user because the user is a member of its own group.

sudo groupmod users -g 1001


We create the daily user. We need to do this from the command line in order to encrypt files and folders.

sudo adduser --encrypt-home ann


We open System > Users and Groups. We ensure, that the profile, user privileges, group and user ID for the daily user is correct and matches the network file system. We confirm the user and log out.

We log in as the daily user, listen to the classic Ubuntu log in theme sound and the UNR recommends, that we take a note of the strong passphrase, that has been auto generated and used for encryption. We do that and store it far away in another galaxy.

We configure fixed and wireless networks.

We update the operating system with updates since the image. System > Update Manager. Check. We reboot the netbook in order to test the installation of these updates.

In order to access a local network file system (NFS), we need to ensure, that the user ID on the client is the same as the user ID on the server, create a mount point, install an NFS client, configure the list of local file systems and connect. Accessories > Terminal. We change the color scheme to green on black and activate transperancy.

mkdir starnix
sudo apt-get install portmap nfs-common
sudo nano -w /etc/fstab
starnix.lan.foobar.com:/usr/home/ann /home/ann/starnix nfs rw 1 1
sudo mount -a
ls ~/starnix

In order to use Open Office on the NFS, we configure the file locking.

As a kind service, we open the browser and bookmark a link to Open Tech SmbA. :-)

In order to view streaming websites, such as DR (live Flash), YouTube and Facebook, we need to install a Flash player plugin for Firefox via System > Ubuntu Software Center. We install the Adobe Flash Plugin and test it in a browser. We bookmark and test these websites.

In order to view H264 streaming, such as DR channels, we need to install a player client. We open System > Ubuntu Software Center, install VLC and test it. H264 streams has faster frame rates and displays more smooth than Flash streams. We bookmark the list of streaming URLs.

In order to listen to streaming websites, such as Digitally Imported, we need to install an MP3 decoder. Audacious, which is a neat audio player and similar to XMMS and WinAmp, includes an MP3 decoder as well. We install it, visit the homepage and configure the browser to associate playlists with it. We bookmark the website.

/usr/bin/audacious2

In order read mail, we need to configure a mail client. We will use the default Evolution Mail client. If we have a backup file from another Evolution Mail client, we open Evolution Mail and restore from the backup file. If we does not have a backup file, we configure the account, address book and mail preferences.

In order to edit images, we install The Gimp.

We activate graphics enhancements. System > Appearence > Visual Effects > Extra. Now, we can switch applications with Super-Tab, zoom with Super-Scroll. The Scroll can be activated from right side of mouse pad and on mouse.

Transferring address books from a mail client or computer to another can be a problem. Converting it between different mail client software can be an even bigger problem. There are lots of conversion add-ons, tools and Unix oneliners available. However, this can be a time consuming task.

The solution is to convert using the standard address book format vCard, which is a file, that contains one or more entries of contacts. Every contact can have different records, such as name, mail address, phone number and more.

In this example, we will transfer and convert an address book from the old text based open source mail client Alpine to the graphical newer open source mail client Evolution Mail. Alpine is also known as Pine.

The address book, that Alpine uses, are stored in a hidden file. If not installed, we install 2vcard, which is an open source utility, that can convert address books from a number of mail clients to a vCard file. 2vcard is available as a tarball. We use 2vcard to convert our address book to a vCard file.

su -
ftp http://www.netmeister.org/apps/2vcard-0.5.tar.gz
gunzip 2vcard-0.5.tar.gz
tar xvf 2vcard-0.5.tar
cd 2vcard-0.5
make install
logout
/usr/local/bin/2vcard -F
/usr/local/bin/2vcard -f pine -i .addressbook -o addressbook
cat addressbook

Now, we have a vCard file, that contains our contacts. We make the vCard file available to our Evolution Mail client and click File and Import. A guide popup. We click Forward, “Import a single file”, Forward, sets Filename to our vCard file and click Open. The guide recognizes our file as a vCard file. We click Forward, accept the Personal address book, click Forward and Import.

Now, the address book is imported and we can edit it, if necessary.

In this example, we want to make files, that are stored within a directory on a web server, available to users by making the Apache web server list these files in the absence of an index file.

We are using the Apache 1.3 web server on a FreeBSD operating system.

We create the directory, that we will use to list files, as a sub directory of the website directory on the web server and allow the web server to access it.

cd www.foobar.com
mkdir listing
chmod listing 0775

We add the directory, that we will use to list files, to the virtual host section of the web server configuration file.

nano -w /usr/local/etc/httpd.conf
<Directory /usr/home/foobar/www/www.foobar.com/listing>
Options +Indexes
</Directory>

We test the changes and, if there is no problems, restart the web server.

apachectl configtest && apachectl restart

Sometimes it is necessary to process one or more of the same changes to a number of filenames at once. This is a tidious task for a human, but, a perfect task for a computer.

Here are some examples of Unix oneliners, used on a FreeBSD operating system.

In this example, all filenames will have their spaces replaced with operating system and network friendly underscores.

for i in *.*; do mv "$i" "`echo $i| tr ' ' '_'`"; done

In this example, all filenames will be converted to operating system friendly lowercase letters.

for i in *.*; do mv "$i" "`echo $i| tr [A-Z] [a-z]`"; done

In this example, we want to make archive friendly filenames. The text “2009-10-13-” will be inserted before the existing filename for all filenames in the directory. This is also referred to as prefixing.

for i in *.*; do mv "$i" "2009-10-13-$i"; done

In this example, we also want to make archive friendly filenames, but, this time, the date of today will be inserted before the existing filename for all filenames in the directory.

for i in *.*; do mv "$i" "`date "+%Y-%m-%d"`-$i"; done